Every year, on July 28, we come together to observe World Hepatitis Day. This important day aims to raise awareness about hepatitis and drive efforts toward the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this potentially life-threatening condition. As we observe World Hepatitis Day 2024, it is crucial to understand the intricacies of hepatitis, including its symptoms, causes, treatment options, and the current state of research and public health initiatives.

What is Hepatitis?

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections. There are five main types of hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. Each type has unique characteristics, modes of transmission, and treatment strategies.

  • Hepatitis A: Often transmitted through contaminated food or water.

  • Hepatitis B: Spread through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood or semen.

  • Hepatitis C: Primarily transmitted through blood-to-blood contact.

  • Hepatitis D: Occurs only in those infected with Hepatitis B.

  • Hepatitis E: Typically transmitted through contaminated water.

Symptoms of Hepatitis

The symptoms of hepatitis can vary depending on the type and stage of the infection. In many cases, especially in the early stages, hepatitis may be asymptomatic. However, when symptoms do appear, they can include: Who Is at the Risk of the Chronic Disease and Who Should Get Vaccinated?

Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and weakness.

Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels.

Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen.

Dark Urine: Urine that is darker in colour, often resembling tea.

Nausea and Vomiting: Frequent episodes of feeling sick and throwing up.

Loss of Appetite: Reduced desire to eat.

In chronic cases, hepatitis can lead to more severe health issues, such as liver cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Causes of Hepatitis

The causes of hepatitis vary depending on the type:

  • Hepatitis A: Caused by ingesting contaminated food or water. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices are common risk factors.

  • Hepatitis B: Transmitted through exposure to infectious body fluids. This includes sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to baby during childbirth.

  • Hepatitis C: Spread primarily through contact with infected blood. This can occur through sharing needles or receiving contaminated blood products.

  • Hepatitis D: Requires the presence of Hepatitis B to replicate. It is transmitted similarly to Hepatitis B.

  • Hepatitis E: Typically spread through consumption of contaminated water, especially in areas with poor sanitation.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing hepatitis usually involves a combination of blood tests, imaging studies, and sometimes liver biopsy. Common diagnostic tests include:

  • Blood Tests: To detect specific viral markers, liver enzymes, and antibodies.

  • Ultrasound: Imaging to assess liver size and detect abnormalities.

  • Liver Biopsy: A procedure to obtain a small sample of liver tissue for analysis, often used in chronic cases.

Preventive Measures

Prevention is crucial in managing hepatitis. Key strategies include:

  • Vaccination: Vaccines are available for Hepatitis A and B and are recommended for at-risk populations.

  • Good Hygiene: Proper sanitation and hygiene can reduce the risk of Hepatitis A and E.

  • Safe Practices: Use of clean needles, safe sexual practices, and blood screening can help prevent Hepatitis B and C.

  • Safe Drinking Water: Ensuring access to clean water can prevent Hepatitis E.

World Hepatitis Day 2024 serves as a reminder of the importance of awareness and education in combating hepatitis. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for hepatitis can empower individuals to take proactive steps towards prevention and seek timely medical care.

(This article is written for an informative purpose and should not be substituted for medical advice. Kindly consult your doctor before trying any tips.)

(The above story first appeared on LatestLY on Jul 28, 2024 10:08 AM IST. For more news and updates on politics, world, sports, entertainment and lifestyle, log on to our website latestly.com).