West Nile Virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne illness has become a primary health concern, particularly during the warmer months when mosquito activity is at its peak. The first case was detected in 1999 in the United States with the West Nile Virus spreading countrywide, causing seasonal outbreaks. Although most people infected with this virus are asymptomatic, in some cases, the condition can be severe and potentially life-threatening. Last week, Anthony Fauci, the immunologist and former chief medical adviser to the president of United States was infected with the disease. He was admitted to the hospital after showing symptoms like fever, chills and fatigue. To satisfy your curiosity about what is West Nile Virus, how it is different from other mosquito-borne diseases, its symptoms and treatment, we’ll give an overview in this article.

What Is West Nile Virus?

West Nile Virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The mosquitoes carry the virus after feeding on infected birds, which are its primary hosts. After being infected, the mosquitoes transmit the virus to humans and other animals. Although it is primarily spread by mosquitoes, in rare cases, it can be also transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. The West Nile Virus is found in many parts of the world namely North America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Australia and Asia.

West Nile Virus Symptoms

Most WNV infections are asymptomatic, however, those who develop symptoms experience:

Mild Symptoms:

  • Fever

  • Headache

  • Body aches

  • Fatigue

  • Skin rash on the trunk of the body

  • Swollen lymph glands

Severe Symptoms:

  • High fever

  • Stiff neck

  • Disorientation or confusion

  • Tremors or muscle jerking

  • Vision loss

  • Numbness

  • Paralysis

  • Coma

Severe symptoms can indicate the onset of neurological diseases like encephalitis or meningitis, which require immediate medical attention.

West Nile Virus Treatment

There is no antiviral treatment for WNV. To alleviate symptoms, supportive care is needed. For mild cases, over-the-counter pain relievers, fluids, and rest can provide relief. Those with severe symptoms, particularly involving neurological complications, may require hospitalisation, where patients can receive intravenous fluids, respiratory support, and other treatments to manage symptoms.

How West Nile Virus Is Different From Other Mosquito-Borne Diseases?

The primary aspect of WNV is that its reservoir is birds, and mosquitoes that feed on these birds can transmit the virus to humans. Unlike malaria, which is a parasite, WNV is a viral infection. While dengue is also a viral infection, its primary reservoir is humans and not birds.

For most people infected with WNV(about 80 per cent), the symptoms are asymptomatic. The remaining 20 per cent may develop West Nile fever, including symptoms like fever, headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhoea, or rash. However, for malaria, dengue or EEE, there are notable symptoms and, in some cases, can be life-threatening.

A potentially serious mosquito-borne disease, West Nile Virus possess distinct characteristics that are different from other mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue or EEE. There is no specific treatment for the virus and prevention is the key. By taking small steps like avoiding mosquito bites and supporting community mosquito control efforts, you can effectively reduce the risk of contracting West Nile Virus. Stay vigilant, especially during peak mosquito season, and seek medical attention if you experience severe symptoms.

(This article is written for an informative purpose and should not be substituted for medical advice. Kindly consult your doctor before trying any tips.)

(The above story first appeared on LatestLY on Aug 27, 2024 06:41 PM IST. For more news and updates on politics, world, sports, entertainment and lifestyle, log on to our website latestly.com).