West Nile Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment As Well as Prevention Tips: Know About the Fatal Mosquito-Borne Disease in Humans

On Tuesday (May 7), the Kerala government announced that instances of West Nile fever have been detected in three districts of the state – Thrissur, Malappuram, and Kozhikode. A single fatality due to the viral illness was recorded on Monday, with six additional cases reported in recent days. Veena George, the State Health Minister, has instructed these regions to maintain a high level of alertness and has directed measures to be implemented for mosquito control, as per an official statement released by her office. Mumps Virus Causes, Symptoms and Treatment: Everything To Know About the Contagious Viral Infection.

While reassuring the public about the virus, the minister urged individuals displaying symptoms such as fever or other indicators of West Nile infection to promptly seek medical attention, as reported by PTI. West Nile Fever, caused by the West Nile virus (WNV), is a mosquito-borne disease that can cause mild to severe symptoms. While most cases are asymptomatic, some individuals may develop a fever and other flu-like symptoms. In rare cases, the virus can lead to severe neurological complications. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment of West Nile Fever is essential for prevention and early intervention.

What is West Nile Fever?

West Nile Fever is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes, primarily of the Culex species. The West Nile virus has the potential to induce a deadly neurological condition in humans. However, approximately 80% of those infected do not exhibit any symptoms. The primary mode of transmission to humans is through mosquito bites. The virus can also lead to severe illness and fatalities in horses. Although vaccines are available for horses, they are not yet accessible for humans. Birds serve as the natural hosts for the West Nile virus.

WNV is sustained in nature through a cycle involving transmission between birds and mosquitoes. Humans, horses, and other mammals can contract the virus. WNV is classified as a member of the flavivirus genus and is part of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex within the Flaviviridae family.

Causes of West Nile Fever

The West Nile virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Humans and other mammals are considered incidental hosts, as the virus does not replicate well in their bodies. While the risk of contracting WNV is low, certain factors, such as living in areas with high mosquito populations or spending time outdoors during peak mosquito activity, can increase the risk of infection.

Symptoms of West Nile Fever

The symptoms of West Nile Fever are similar to those of other viral infections and can vary from person to person. Common symptoms include fever, headache, body aches, and fatigue. In more severe cases, individuals may experience symptoms such as high fever, neck stiffness, confusion, muscle weakness, and paralysis. These symptoms typically develop within 2 to 14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.

Treatment of West Nile Fever

There is no specific treatment for West Nile Fever, and most cases resolve on their own without medical intervention. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and providing supportive care. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help reduce fever and alleviate body aches. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications such as encephalitis or meningitis. In some cases, antiviral medications or corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes.

Prevention of West Nile Fever

The best way to prevent West Nile Fever is to avoid mosquito bites. This can be done by using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and removing standing water around your home where mosquitoes can breed. Additionally, staying indoors during peak mosquito activity (dusk to dawn) and ensuring that window screens are intact can help reduce the risk of mosquito bites.

West Nile Fever is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes that can cause mild to severe symptoms. While most cases resolve on their own, severe cases can lead to neurological complications. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment of West Nile Fever is crucial for prevention and early intervention.

(This article is written for an informative purpose and should not be substituted for medical advice. Kindly consult your doctor before trying any tips.)

(The above story first appeared on LatestLY on May 10, 2024 07:18 PM IST. For more news and updates on politics, world, sports, entertainment and lifestyle, log on to our website latestly.com).