Drug Cocktail Reduces Ageing-Associated Disc Degeneration, Says Study

Washington, September 6: A new study has shown a novel approach for preventing age-related disc degeneration that may pave the way for treating chronic back pain. The findings of the study were published in the journal 'Nature Communications'.

Chronic back pain affects upwards of 15 million adults in the US, racking up billions in healthcare costs and lost workdays. Also Read | Teeja-Pora Tihar 2021 Celebrated With Great Zeal and Fervor at Chhattisgarh CM Bhupesh Baghel's Residence in Raipur.

Degeneration of the discs that cushion and support vertebrae, a common occurrence of ageing, is a major contributor to low back pain. Although a widespread condition, few treatments are available. Also Read | Nubia RedMagic 6S Pro With 18GB RAM, Snapdragon 888+ SoC Launched.

Now Jefferson's Makarand Risbud, PhD, James J Maguire Jr Professor of Spine Research in orthopaedic surgery, division director of orthopaedic research and co-director of the cell biology and regenerative medicine graduate program, and colleagues have shown that treating mice with a drug cocktail that removes ageing cells reduces disc degeneration.

"Once intervertebral discs start to degenerate, there is very little regeneration that happens," said Dr Risbud. "But our results show that it is possible to mitigate the disc degeneration that happens with ageing," added Dr Risbud.

Surgery or steroid injections are options to treat low back pain from disc degeneration, but the vast majority of patients do not meet the criteria for surgery and epidural steroid injections do not work well most of the time. Prolonged use of strong painkillers prescribed for back pain, such as opioids, carry the risk of addiction.

In collaboration with Brian Diekman, PhD, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, Dr Risbud and his team were looking for an effective and non-invasive way to treat back pain from disc degeneration that did not involve painkillers like opioids.

Instead, they turned to a class of small molecules known as senolytics. These drugs target cells in the body that are in a process of age-related deterioration called senescence.

With age, every tissue in the body accumulates senescent cells. Senescent cells secrete destructive enzymes and inflammatory proteins that affect nearby healthy cells.

Senolytic drugs remove these deteriorating cells, leaving room for new cells to replace them. The idea is that removing senescent cells from a tissue will improve the tissue's function.

Recent research has shown that to be the case. Two senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin, have shown enough promise to treat scarring in lung tissue that they are now in clinical trials. But the lungs are very different from discs in the spine.

"Just because the drugs work in one tissue doesn't mean they will also work in another. Every tissue is different," Dr Risbud said. To find out whether senolytics could improve ageing-related disc degeneration, Emanuele Novais, an MD, PhD student in Dr Risbud's lab and first author of the new work, and colleagues gave young, middle-aged and elderly mice a cocktail of the senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin, every week.

The weekly injections mitigated disc generation, but not in the way that Dr Risbud and his team had expected. They expected to see the largest effect in the oldest animals because these animals would have accumulated more senescent cells than younger mice.

Instead, Dr Risbud and colleagues found that treatment in younger animals had more benefit and actually had a protective effect. Young and middle-aged mice given the senolytic cocktail showed less disc degeneration and fewer senescent cells by the time they reached an advanced age compared to mice given a placebo.

"We anticipated that in tissues with a lot of senescence, removing the senescent cells would make a big difference, but it didn't," Dr Risbud said. "The therapy was most effective when we started treating the mice when those senescent cells were just beginning to emerge. Our findings show that if given early, senolytic drugs can actually slow disc degeneration. This is a novel preventive approach," Dr Risbud added.

But the mice needed a weekly injection from a relatively young age until they reached old age, a much longer time period than senolytic drugs have been given in other uses. The researchers however did not see any deleterious effects of long-term treatment.

"It is possible that people will have to take this for a long time for treatment to be effective, and our data show that the drugs were well-tolerated, at least in mice," Dr Risbud said.

Altogether, the findings show that senolytic drugs -- ones already approved for use in clinical trials -- can mitigate disc degeneration that occurs with ageing. "This research paves the way for translating these studies first to a preclinical animal model and then to a clinical trial in humans," Dr Risbud concluded.

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