Moscow, Jun 29 (AFP) Hooligans have been conspicuously absent from the World Cup and Russia's sense of vindication is palpable.

The beating muscle-bound Russian thugs inflicted on England supporters in France during Euro 2016 was still a major talking point in the run-up to the biggest event in sport.

Violence became a leitmotif of British and the broader media's coverage and a foil used by critics of President Vladimir Putin's rule.

Few things insensed Moscow more than another retelling of the chairs thrown and punches landed in Marseille.

Now the group stage of matches is over and little has disturbed the peace besides the all-night singing of happy fans in the streets. Some things have gone wrong.

Argentina got fined after its supporters pounced on a Croatia rival and kicked him while he was down in Nizhny Novgorod Stadium.

Three England fans were banned for performing an anti-Semitic song in a Volgograd pub.

And several female TV reporters have been groped and sexually harassed while doing their job.

But the host nation has emerged largely unblemished and the naysayers are being proven wrong.

This is Russia's "told you so" moment -- and state media are relishing every minute of it.

"The British press used 'those scary Russians' to frighten its fans so much ahead of the World Cup that most of them decided to stay home," Channel One television said in a typical evening news broadcast.

"Now it looks like the fans who did come are no longer reading the English papers."

Vesti television said all the good news coming out of Russia "is probably especially difficult for Western politicians to hear."

- Carrots and sticks -

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Plenty of European media had actually stopped predicting a World Cup bloodbath by the final months of preparations.

Various hooligans told Western reporters that the Kremlin had been using a carrot-and-stick approach to ensure Russia was not embarrassed with the world watching.

The feared FSB security service locked up several hooligan leaders to signal they meant business after decades of doing little to counter football fights.

Others were interrogated in night raids on their apartments and given two options: either vanish for the duration of the World Cup or face years in jail for the most minor offence.

"From what they told me, Russian fans never intended to start anything during the World Cup," said Moscow Echo radio sports commentator Alexei Durnovo.

Security analysts said the bigger danger is probably coming from supporters of other teams with flourishing football underworlds.

Experts said these include countries in the Balkans and the traditional powerhouse Germany. England is always a menace and the Nordic states are starting to make noise of their own.

Russia says it is managing to avert violence by deploying a so-called Fan ID system that requires each ticket holder to undergo a security background check. Those who passed are only allowed stadium entry with a card featuring their photo and a personal identity chip.

"There is little question that the Fan ID system has played its role," said independent Russian security analyst Alexander Golts.

Less certain is what happens to the Russian hooligan culture once all the tourists clear out and the much less glamorous domestic football season kicks off in September.

Russian hooliganism monitor Robert Ustian said authorities were all but certain to relax the rules because they had been collaborating with far-right movements for years.

The "firms" that hooligan leaders run are highly hierarchical and can be mobilised at any moment should the Kremlin require a show of support on the streets.

"Let's ask ourselves why Russia can't always be like it is during the World Cup," said Ustian. (AFP) ATK

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